E-11 is the electrical standard. It's the one surveyors cite most, because almost every boat has a battery, a panel and a shore power lead, and almost every boat has something on them that's been added since it left the builder.
What it covers
ABYC lists E-11 as AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats. In our words: how the boat's DC and AC circuits are wired and protected, from the battery to each load and from the shore power inlet to each outlet, and the devices that keep people and the boat safe from both.
What surveyors check against it
Overcurrent protection at the battery. E-11 asks for protection on each ungrounded conductor within 7 inches of the source, measured along the wire, or up to 72 inches when the cable runs from the battery in a sheath or enclosure all the way, and 40 inches in some other sheathed cases. Cranking circuits have an exception. The fuse also has to suit the cable and interrupt what the bank can deliver; MarineHowTo gives ABYC's planning figures of about 3,000 A per 100 Ah for flooded batteries and 5,000 A per 100 Ah for AGM and lithium. See missing battery fuse.
Reverse polarity indication. On 120 V shore power, E-11 asks for a device that signals reversed polarity continuously, with an impedance of at least 25,000 ohms, as quoted on the SailboatOwners forum. See shore power reverse polarity.
Wire and connections. Practical Sailor notes ABYC recommends wire meeting UL 1426 and SAE J378: finely stranded marine wire. Wire nuts meet no marine code. See household wiring.
Citing it in a finding
Put the requirement in plain words and name the standard: "fit overcurrent protection within 7 inches of the battery, ABYC E-11", or "fit a reverse polarity indicator at the AC panel, ABYC E-11". Measure and record the distance or the reading so the finding stands on its own.
To check a cable for voltage drop at 3% or 10%, use the wire size calculator.